The 2023 GPT report is the 11th edition of the report. It is a continuation of the 2020 Global Philanthropy Tracker, published by the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, and the Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances, initiated and conducted by the Center for Global Prosperity at the Hudson Institute. First published in 2006, the report provides comprehensive information on international philanthropy from developed and emerging economies to developing countries for development purposes. It documents the magnitude of cross-border financial flows from public and private sources. The report was among the first comprehensive research endeavors to present a more complete picture of the total economic engagement with developing countries through official development assistance, philanthropic giving, remittances, and private capital investment.
Starting from the 2020 GPT, the report introduces a more inclusive approach and expands the scope of the philanthropic outflows to include contributions made to all countries in support of all charitable causes, when data are available. It captures charitable contributions from private sources, including individuals, corporations, foundations, and a wide range of other philanthropic organizations. This series of reports provides unique baseline data on cross-border philanthropy for future research and serves as a useful tool for practitioners and policy makers in philanthropy and international development.
Trends & Themes
What is Covered in the 2023 Global Philanthropy Tracker (GPT)?
The GPT aims to address the lack of knowledge on the scope of cross-border giving in a world with an increasing need for philanthropy. It measures cross-border philanthropic flows and compares it to three additional externally tracked flows: official development assistance (ODA), remittances, and private capital investment. The 2023 GPT, the 11th edition of the index, provides updated estimates based on data from 2020 or the most recent year with available data.
Changes in philanthropic outflows and other cross-border resource flows between 2018 and 2020
- The total amount of the four flows from the 47 countries measured in the report showed a slight decline from 2018 to 2020. When adjusted for inflation, the total amount fell from USD 859 billion to 841 billion, or by roughly 2 percent.
- Among the four flows, remittances saw the largest increase. Remittances grew to USD 590 billion, a 19 percent increase compared to 2018. This strong support for remittances comes from their counter-cyclical nature as well as movements towards more digital means of sending money.
- Private giving and ODA remained relatively stable, with private philanthropy showing only a slight decline of 0.5 percent and ODA showing a 1 percent drop.
- Private capital investment experienced an almost 100 percent drop, falling from USD 112 billion to USD 0.4 billion. The global recession, depreciation of asset values, and reduced foreign direct investment (FDI) all contributed to this sharp downturn.
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Philanthropic Outflows by Donor Countries’ Income Level in 2020
- In 2020, the five countries in the low-income and lower-middle income groups donated a total of USD 42.3 million to other countries; the 10 upper-middle income countries contributed around USD 643.5 million; and the 32 high-income countries contributed about USD 69.6 billion in cross-border philanthropy.
- One low-income country (Uganda) and four lower-middle income countries (India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania) had estimates on philanthropic outflows. Among these five countries, Nigeria had the largest philanthropic outflows (approximately USD 22 million). However, Kenya contributed the largest outflows as a share of GNI (0.006%), followed closely by Nigeria (0.005%).
- Ten upper-middle income countries had available data on philanthropic outflows in 2020. Within this income group, Türkiye remained at the top with the highest dollar value of cross-border philanthropic outflows (USD 402 million) and the largest outflows as a share of GNI (0.06 %).
- Thirty-two high-income countries had available data on the amount of philanthropic outflows. The United States had the largest contribution, both in absolute terms (USD 49 billion) and as a percentage of GNI (0.23%).
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Data in Context
To contextualize the state of cross-border philanthropy during 2020, it is important to review some of the major global and regional events that have inspired cross-border collaborations and global philanthropic giving. Ongoing humanitarian crises were exacerbated by regional and global health crises as well as natural, humanitarian, political, and social crises. These events required the power of global giving which made the role and responsibilities of global philanthropy more prominent. Please find more information in the 2023 GPT report.
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