Chuyên mục: Biến đổi khí hậu – Climate change

Dự án kênh Phù Nam Techo: Vấn đề chia sẻ thông tin

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

THANH TUẤN – 11/05/2024 09:34 GMT+7

TTCT – Dự án kênh đào Phù Nam Techo của Campuchia gây chú ý gần đây khi xuất hiện lo ngại dự án sẽ làm thay đổi dòng chính sông Mekong, tác động tới vùng lũ và sinh kế người dân Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

Ảnh: Getty

Chỉ ngắn hơn kênh đào Suez 13km, dự án 180km này dự kiến nối thủ đô Phnom Penh của Campuchia với tỉnh Kep, giáp biên giới Việt Nam. 

Được coi là nỗ lực hồi sinh hệ thống sông ngòi lịch sử Campuchia, con kênh với bề rộng 100m và sâu 5,4m có thể phục vụ tàu 3.000 tấn vào mùa khô và 5.000 tấn vào mùa mưa.

Theo China Global South Project, con kênh sẽ kéo dài từ khu vực Prek Takeo của sông Mekong tới Prek Ta Ek và Prek Ta Hing của sông Bassac (sông Hậu) và đi qua bốn tỉnh Kandal, Takeo, Kampot và Kep, với ba hệ thống âu tàu, 11 cầu và 208km đường ven bờ được xây dựng bởi Tập đoàn Cầu đường Trung Quốc (CRBC) theo mô hình BOT. 

Thủ tướng Campuchia Hun Manet ủng hộ mạnh mẽ dự án, và nói nó không có tác hại gì tới môi trường, đặc biệt là tới dòng Mekong đi qua nhiều nước ASEAN.

Tối 5-5, trả lời báo chí, người phát ngôn Bộ Ngoại giao Việt Nam Phạm Thu Hằng nói: “Việt Nam rất quan tâm và tôn trọng lợi ích chính đáng của Campuchia theo tinh thần của Hiệp định Mekong 1995, phù hợp với các quy định liên quan của Ủy hội sông Mekong và quan hệ láng giềng hữu nghị truyền thống giữa hai nước”. 

Về dự án kênh Phù Nam Techo, bà Hằng nói Việt Nam mong “Campuchia tiếp tục phối hợp chặt chẽ với Việt Nam và các nước trong Ủy hội sông Mekong chia sẻ thông tin, đánh giá đầy đủ tác động của dự án này đối với nguồn nước, tài nguyên nước và môi trường sinh thái của khu vực tiểu vùng sông Mekong cùng các biện pháp quản lý phù hợp nhằm bảo đảm hài hòa lợi ích của các quốc gia ven sông, quản lý, sử dụng hiệu quả và bền vững nguồn nước và tài nguyên nước sông Mekong”.

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Khát nước cạnh những dòng sông

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

THANH HUYỀN – MẬU TRƯỜNG – 27/03/2024 05:42 GMT+7

TTCT – Sau nhiều tháng nắng gắt và không có mưa, nước mặn xâm nhập ngày càng sâu vào Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Cà Mau và Bến Tre là hai tỉnh bị ảnh hưởng sớm và nặng nhất cho đến thời điểm này.

Ruộng lúa của ông Nguyễn Văn Cảnh chết khô vì thiếu nước ngọt. Ảnh: THANH HUYỀN Tiếp tục đọc “Khát nước cạnh những dòng sông” →

‘Hopeless and broken’: why the world’s top climate scientists are in despair

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

We asked 380 top climate scientists what they felt about the future…

theguardian.com

 Hopeless and broken – Ruth Cerezo-Mota Mexico

 We live in an age of fools – Anonymous South Africa

I worry about the future my children are inheriting – Lorraine Whitmarsh UK

They are terrified, but determined to keep fighting.Here’s what they said

Exclusive: Survey of hundreds of experts reveals harrowing picture of future, but they warn climate fight must not be abandoned

Damian Carrington Environment editorWed 8 May 2024 10.00 BSTShare

“Sometimes it is almost impossible not to feel hopeless and broken,” says the climate scientist Ruth Cerezo-Mota. “After all the flooding, fires, and droughts of the last three years worldwide, all related to climate change, and after the fury of Hurricane Otis in Mexico, my country, I really thought governments were ready to listen to the science, to act in the people’s best interest.”

Instead, Cerezo-Mota expects the world to heat by a catastrophic 3C this century, soaring past the internationally agreed 1.5C target and delivering enormous suffering to billions of people. This is her optimistic view, she says.

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Biden administration finalizes new rules for power plants in one of its most significant climate actions to-date

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Ella Nilsen
Jen Christensen

 

By Ella Nilsen and Jen Christensen, CNN

 6 minute read 

Updated 9:29 AM EDT, Thu April 25, 2024

Steam rises from the Miller coal Power Plant in Adamsville, Alabama on April 11, 2021.

Steam rises from the Miller coal-fired power plant in Adamsville, Alabama, in 2021. Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/AFP/Getty ImagesCNN — 

The Biden administration on Thursday finalized a highly anticipated suite of rules to cut hazardous, planet-warming pollution generated by power plants in one of its most significant environment and climate actions to-date.

The Environmental Protection Agency’s new rules will compel coal and new natural gas power plants to either cut or capture 90% of their climate pollution by 2032. The rules are expected to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from the sector by 75% compared to its peak in 2005. Tiếp tục đọc “Biden administration finalizes new rules for power plants in one of its most significant climate actions to-date” →

Don’t blame Dubai’s freak rain on cloud seeding – the storm was far too big to be human-made

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Published: April 19, 2024 5.21pm BST, The Conversation

Author

  1. Richard WashingtonProfessor of Climate Science, University of Oxford

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Richard Washington receives funding from the Natural Environment Research Council to study climate processes.

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Some years ago, I found myself making my way up the narrow stairs of a Learjet on a sultry runway in a deserted airport near the South Africa-Mozambique border. The humidity was there to taste – the air thick with it.

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270 million people are living on sinking land in China’s major cities, new study finds

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Rachel Ramirez

By Rachel Ramirez, CNN

Published 2:00 PM EDT, Thu April 18, 2024

[TĐH: Vietnam has the same problems as those of China]

Shanghai is one of the coastal cities significantly exposed to both land subsidence and projected sea level rise. Roughly a quarter of the country’s coasts will be lower than sea level, according to new research.

Shanghai is one of the coastal cities significantly exposed to both land subsidence and projected sea level rise. Roughly a quarter of the country’s coasts will be lower than sea level, according to new research. AFP/Getty ImagesCNN — 

Land is sinking underneath millions of peoples’ feet in China’s major cities due to human activities, putting the country’s coastal areas more at risk of flooding and rising sea levels, new research shows.

Nearly half of China’s urban areas comprising 29% of the country’s population are sinking faster than 3 millimeters (about 0.12 inches) per year, according to the study published Thursday in the journal Science. That’s 270 million people living on sinking land.

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Verdict saying Switzerland violated rights by failing on climate action could ripple across Europe

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Europe’s highest human rights court ruled Tuesday that countries must better protect their people from the consequences of climate change, siding with a group of older Swiss women against their government in a landmark ruling that could have implications across the continent.

BY MOLLY QUELL AND RAF CASERT Updated 9:06 AM GMT+7, April 10, 2024

STRASBOURG, France (AP) — Europe’s highest human rights court ruled Tuesday that countries must better protect their people from the consequences of climate change, siding with a group of older Swiss women against their government in a landmark ruling that could have implications across the continent.

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France provides loan for Hoi An anti-erosion project

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

VNE – By Gia Chinh   March 17, 2024 | 08:00 am GMT+7

Erosion along the coast of Hoi An City, 2022. Photo by VnExpress/ Dac Thanh

The French Development Agency will provide 42 million euros (US$45.7 million) between now and 2028 to fund works to prevent coastal erosion in Hoi An City.

The Ministry of Finance and the European Union (EU) on Friday signed an agreement for the Hoi An Erosion Prevention and Sustainable Coastal Protection project.

Of the 42 million euros, 35 million euros are a loan from the AFD, two million euros are in the form of non-refundable aid from the EU, and five million euros are Vietnam’s counterpart fund.

The work comprises building seven concrete embankments and pouring sand to create a beach along a five-kilometer stretch of coast along Cua Dai Beach.

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Severe subsidence and erosion afflict Vietnam’s southernmost province

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

VNE – By An Minh   March 2, 2024 | 06:41 am GMT+7

Tran Van Thoi District of the Mekong Delta’s Ca Mau Province has suffered around 340 cases of subsidence and soil erosion along river and canal routes in the past two months.

Severe subsidence and erosion afflict Vietnam's southernmost province

Nearly 100 meters of embankment in front of the office of Khanh Hung Commune in Tran Van Thoi District experienced severe subsidence on Feb. 20, with the deepest collapse measured at 2 m.

Since the beginning of the year, the district has recorded about 340 cases of subsidence and soil erosion, stretching a total length of 9 km, and causing damages of over VND13 billion (US$528,000).

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Rừng ngập mặn: Giữa những bủa vây

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Tiasang – 28-1-2024

Nếu muốn rừng ngập mặn cứu chúng ta thì trước tiên chúng ta phải cứu rừng.

“Ấp Âu Thọ A: đi tuần tra, phát hiện một vụ đào đồm độp (hay còn gọi là sâm đất) trong rừng; Ấp Âu Thọ B: phát hiện chặt 2 cây rừng về làm củi đốt; Ấp Trà Sết: đi tuần tra phát hiện chặt 20 cây đước; cây ở khu vực rừng mới trồng bị sâu ăn lá nhưng vẫn đang mọc lên bình thường…”

Một buổi sáng tháng 10, dù bận rộn vụ thu hoạch lúa và xuống hành giống nhưng các thành viên trong tổ bảo vệ rừng cộng đồng ở xã Vĩnh Hải – Hạt Kiểm lâm Vĩnh Hải, thị xã Vĩnh Châu, Sóc Trăng vẫn có mặt và báo cáo việc bảo vệ rừng chính xác đến… từng cây một.

Hạt Kiểm lâm Vĩnh Châu chỉ có vỏn vẹn chín người nhưng phải quản lý rừng trên một khu vực rộng lớn khắp cả Vĩnh Châu đến sát tỉnh Bạc Liêu nên cần dựa vào tổ bảo vệ rừng cộng đồng. Do chưa có chính sách giao đất giao rừng và yêu cầu từng hộ được giao đất phải chịu trách nhiệm bảo vệ rừng trong khoảnh được giao khoán nên những “tai mắt nhân dân” trong tổ bảo vệ rừng – thường là những hộ sống ở ven rừng, phải tuần tra, để ý liên tục “nghe tiếng tiếng búa đốn là tới ngay”.

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The world is reducing its reliance on fossil fuels – except for in three key sectors

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

theguardian.com

Dramatic changes in energy industry and EVs reducing fossil fuel use, but shipping, aviation and industry a long way from net zero

@olliemilmanFri 9 Feb 2024 12.00 GMT

Humanity has made some uneven progress in reducing our addiction to fossil fuels – but there remain three areas of our lives in which we are notably not on track to kick the habit over the next 30 years, according to a new analysis.

Record levels of investment in clean energy (solar has been called the cheapest source of electricity in history by the International Energy Agency) and a decline in coal-powered generation means less and less of the world’s power will come from fossil fuels between now and 2050, the analysis from Rhodium shows.

Similarly, the blossoming electric vehicle market is going to drive down emissions from cars and trucks, with global oil consumption for on-road vehicles set to drop by 50% over the next three decades, the forecast finds.

But even with these dramatic changes reshaping two of the world’s hungriest consumers of fossil fuels, emissions are still a long way from hitting net zero by 2050, as scientists say they must if dangerous global heating – spurring worsening heatwaves, floods, droughts and more – is to be avoided.https://interactive.guim.co.uk/uploader/embed/2024/02/archive-zip/giv-13425ZCBwhBxEyLin/

A major reason for this is the stubborn, ongoing carbon pollution from three areas: aviation, shipping and industry.

.https://interactive.guim.co.uk/uploader/embed/2024/02/archive-zip/giv-13425v3zDOTaHHQGz/

There is currently no widespread alternative to jet fuel or ship diesel, meaning steady or even rising fossil fuel use as developing countries’ economies grow. A range of industrial processes – such as cement-making and the production of plastic – will collectively fail to meaningfully cut carbon-intensive fuels by 2050, too.

“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last few years – wind and solar are really poster children of success and electric vehicles are at a turning point now,” said Hannah Pitt, associate director at Rhodium, which made the projections based on anticipated policies until 2050.

“That makes up a good chunk of emissions but there is much less progress in other sectors. With aviation and shipping, there’s just not as much innovation and no clear cost-effective alternatives to fossil fuels.

“And then we have industrial processes that make up a huge fraction of emissions and each require their own tools and innovations to bring that down, and emissions are staying stubbornly high.”

All told, global fossil fuel use will likely flatten or decline by mid-century before starting to grow again due to rising energy demand in various parts of the world, according to the report’s projections. Gas will lead the way, rising significantly in use even as oil and coal decline.https://interactive.guim.co.uk/uploader/embed/2024/02/archive-zip/giv-13425v3zDOTaHHQGz/

Pitt said we are still a long way from breaking our dependence on fossil fuels in everything from switching on a light at home, to driving a car, to getting an Amazon package delivered, to flying to a holiday destination.

“The success with renewables and EVs shows it can be done, but it really will take a lot of different policies and innovations. There’s no one solution,” said Pitt.

“This is a good reminder that climate change touches every piece of our economies, and it needs solutions to each of those areas. There is a lot of work to do.”

Oil firms forced to consider full climate effects of new drilling, following landmark Norwegian court ruling

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

theconversation.com Published: January 31, 2024 12.02pm GMT

Norway’s district court in Oslo recently made a decision on fossil fuels that deserves the attention of every person concerned about climate change.

This ruling, which compels energy firms to account for the industry’s entire carbon footprint, could change the way oil and gas licenses are awarded in Norway – and inspire similar legal challenges to fossil fuel production in other countries.

The court ruled that three petroleum production licenses, held by energy companies including Equinor and Aker BP, were invalid largely due to the lack of consideration that had been given to so-called “downstream emissions”. That is, emissions from burning the petroleum that these firms would extract from the North Sea (also called scope 3 emissions).

This case is a big win for environmental campaigners who have tried to make oil and gas companies account for the emissions that come from burning their products. Similar efforts have been defeated in legal challenges elsewhere over the last few years.

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An Intense Global Demand for Climate-Related Relief

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Council on Strategic Risk

A U.S. Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter assigned to the 25th Infantry Division delivers essential medical supplies and logistical equipment for the Lahaina National Guard Role I facility, supporting Maui County authorities to provide immediate security, safety, and well-being to those affected by the wildfires to ensure unwavering support for the community of Maui and first responders. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Abreanna Goodrich)

Since June 2022, MiRCH has identified military deployments for floods, storms, droughts, heat, wildfires, and other hazards on every continent, involving the armed services of 68 countries. With the growing severity and frequency of climate hazards, the scale of some MiRCH incidents have been immense, placing enormous pressure on defense forces to provide assistance. For instance, wildfires in Canada burned through a record high of more than 45 million acres in 2023 requiring the Canadian Armed Forces to engage in firefighting for over 100 days. Meanwhile, extreme precipitation and flooding in Libya, East Africa, and elsewhere have displaced millions of people, resulting in the deployment of thousands of military personnel. 

The pace and breadth of climate hazards present additional challenges to militaries worldwide. MiRCH has recorded 10 countries where their armed services responded to more than one climate hazard in the same month. In December 2023, India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu was still recovering from the damage caused by Cyclone Michaung when intense rainfall later in the month led to severe flooding in the region again, prompting the Indian Armed Forces to amplify their recovery efforts. Additionally, although defense forces continue to widely perform more traditional disaster relief duties, such as providing logistical support, conducting search and rescue operations, evacuating affected areas, and delivering critical aid and supplies, they are also being deployed for missions beyond these roles. For example, the Swiss army has airlifted water to thousands of livestock during water shortages, the West Virginia National Guard conducted aerial firefighting for the first time, and Indonesia ordered the military to assist farmers in planting rice since drought has reduced production of the staple crop. 

Record high temperatures, combined with a strong El Niño event, contributed to unprecedented extreme weather events that required military responses in 2023, from the first Category-5 storm in recorded history to make landfall in the Mexican Pacific to Canada’s historic fire season. As global temperatures continue to rise, climate hazards are projected to further intensify, placing an even greater demand on armed services to provide relief in the future. In the near term, extreme weather events in the next few months could be particularly severe as the current El Niño is expected to continue at least until April.

High Demand Poses Readiness Questions for Militaries

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Climate Change Is Main Driver of Historic Amazon River Drought, Study Finds

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earth.org

Climate Change Is Main Driver of Historic Amazon River Drought, Study Finds

The months-long drought – a 1 in 100 years event – has dried up large parts of the Amazon River, with water levels at their lowest in more than a century. 

—

Climate change is the main driver behind the exceptional drought that has been affecting the Amazon River since mid-2023, with the return of El Niño further exacerbating the situation, new research suggests.

A group of scientists from the World Weather Attribution (WWA) group used published peer-reviewed methods to assess the role of climate change and El Niño in influencing the drought, which is affecting an estimated 30 million people that rely on the river for transport, food, and power. They found that climate change-driven high temperatures were the main driver of the historic drought – a 1 in 100 year event on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). On the other hand, the El Niño – a phenomenon that warms the Pacific Ocean and historically a driver of drought – had a “much smaller influence.”

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‘Deadliest outbreak ever seen’: climate crisis fuels Bangladesh’s worst dengue epidemic

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

theguardian.com

Mosquito-borne disease once largely limited to Dhaka spreads countrywide as higher rainfall and heat lead to fivefold rise in cases in a year, with children the hardest hit

People lie on mattresses in a crowded corridor with drips on stands in the middle. Most of the people are children and women in colourful saris

Corridors in Dhaka Medical College hospital crowded with dengue patients amid a shortage of beds. Bangladesh’s worst outbreak of dengue on record comes after unusually heavy rain, torrid temperatures and high humidity led to an explosion in the mosquito population

 All photographs by Fabeha Monir for WHO

In a small, dimly lit control room at the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) in Dhaka, data on Bangladesh’s dengue outbreak flashes across multiple computer screens. Government analysts here have been busy collecting and monitoring the impact of the disease across the country since cases were first reported last April.

In 2023, the total reported cases of dengue numbered 321,179, with 1,705 deaths recorded, a massive jump from the year before, when 62,000 people were known to have had the virus, and 281 died. It was the highest number of annual deaths caused by the mosquito-transmitted disease ever recorded in Bangladesh.

We can’t afford to admit her to hospital so I’ve been doing whatever I can to protect her at home

Masuma Begum

The deaths last year included at least 113 children. According to Save the Children, the majority of these deaths were of children under the age of 10, with 38 deaths among those under five.

“Children make up around 30% of all dengue cases in Bangladesh and are particularly vulnerable to the virus because of underdeveloped immune systems,” says Dr Shamim Jahan, Bangladesh director of Save the Children. “Those under five are particularly at risk from developing severe symptoms, such as dehydration and shock.”

Over the past few months, the surge in cases has pushed Bangladesh’s health system to the limit, with hospital corridors overflowing with patients as wards run out of beds.

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