War crimes – The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols on war crimes

Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries

Geneva Convention (I) on Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field,1949 and its commentary

12.08.1949

Geneva Convention (II) on Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked of Armed Forces at Sea, 1949 and its commentary

12.08.1949

Geneva Convention (III) on Prisoners of War, 1949 and its commentary

12.08.1949

Geneva Convention (IV) on Civilians, 1949 and its commentary

12.08.1949

Additional Protocol (I) to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 and its commentary

08.06.1977

Annex (I) AP (I), as amended in 1993 and its commentary

30.11.1993

Annex (I) AP (I), 1977 and its commentary

08.06.1977

Annex (II) AP (I), 1977 and its commentary

08.06.1977

Additional Protocol (II) to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 and its commentary

08.06.1977

Additional Protocol (III) to the Geneva Conventions, 2005 and its commentary

08.12.2005

29-10-2010 Overview

Inernational Committee of the Red Cross

The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are international treaties that contain the most important rules limiting the barbarity of war. They protect people who do not take part in the fighting (civilians, medics, aid workers) and those who can no longer fight (wounded, sick and shipwrecked troops, prisoners of war).

The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are at the core of international humanitarian law, the body of international law that regulates the conduct of armed conflict and seeks to limit its effects.  They specifically protect people who are not taking part in the hostilities (civilians, health workers and aid workers) and those who are no longer participating in the hostilities, such as wounded, sick and shipwrecked soldiers and prisoners of war.  The Conventions and their Protocols call for measures to be taken to prevent or put an end to all breaches. They contain stringent rules to deal with what are known as “grave breaches“. Those responsible for grave breaches must be sought, tried or extradited, whatever nationality they may hold.

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Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Ethnic Cleansing

United Nations: Office of Genocide Prevention and the Resposibility to Protect

DEFINITIONS

Genocide

Background

Secretary-General visits Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland. UN Photo/Evan Schneider

The word “genocide” was first coined by Polish lawyer Raphäel Lemkin in 1944 in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. It consists of the Greek prefix genos, meaning race or tribe, and the Latin suffix cide, meaning killing. Lemkin developed the term partly in response to the Nazi policies of systematic murder of Jewish people during the Holocaust, but also in response to previous instances in history of targeted actions aimed at the destruction of particular groups of people. Later on, Raphäel Lemkin led the campaign to have genocide recognised and codified as an international crime. Tiếp tục đọc “Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Ethnic Cleansing”

India and elsewhere: Religious wars are forever

thetimesinplainenglish.com – February 10, 2022

Plain English Version

At the Dasna Devi temple, a placard read: “This is a holy place for Hindus. Entry of Muslims is forbidden.” Photo Credit: Saumya Khandelwal for The New York Times.

People of different backgrounds live together. Unless, for some reason, they decide not to live together. They do seem to get along better in dictatorships. Tito ran Yugoslavia, Hussein ran Iraq and Khaddaffi ran Libya. Their people had no freedom of choice about with whom they lived. And so, for the most part, they got along.

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Teaching resources to help students make sense of the War in Ukraine

nytime.com Articles, maps, photos, videos, podcasts and more, as well as suggestions for using them in your classroom.

Residents salvage their belongings from their homes on March 14 after the shelling of a residential building in Kyiv, Ukraine. Related ArticleCredit…Lynsey Addario for The New York Times

By Katherine SchultenMichael Gonchar and Jeremy Engle

March 16, 2022

Young people all over are avidly following what some have called “the first TikTok war.” In late February, we created a place on our site for teenagers to react to the invasion, and within a week, over 900 had. This comment from Winn Godier, a high school student in North Carolina, echoes what we have heard from many teenagers:

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