Tản mạn về tiếng Việt và Hán Việt: tại sao Trung Quốc dùng danh từ khoái 筷 còn Việt Nam dùng đũa (trợ 箸)?

Ý nghĩa đôi đũa tre Việt Nam - Trung tâm Văn hoá-Phật giáo Việt nam Franken  - Chùa Vĩnh Nghiêm / CHLB Đức

Nguyễn Cung Thông 1

Phần này bàn về các danh từ gọi dụng cụ gắp cơm và đưa vào miệng (ăn cơm) như đũa hay trợ, khoái, giáp cùng các dạng âm cổ của chúng.

Các chữ viết tắt khác là Nguyễn Cung Thông (NCT), Hán Việt (HV), Việt Nam (VN), TQ (Trung Quốc), ĐNA (Đông Nam Á), HT (hài thanh), TVGT (Thuyết Văn Giải Tự/khoảng 100 SCN), NT (Ngọc Thiên/543), ĐV (Đường Vận/751), NKVT (Ngũ Kinh Văn Tự/776), LKTG (Long Kham Thủ Giám/997), QV (Quảng Vận/1008), TV (Tập Vận/1037/1067), TNAV (Trung Nguyên Âm Vận/1324), CV (Chính Vận/1375), TVi (Tự Vị/1615), VB (Vận Bổ/1100/1154), VH (Vận Hội/1297), LT (Loại Thiên/1039/1066), CTT (Chính Tự Thông/1670), TViB (Tự Vị Bổ/1666), TTTH (Tứ Thanh Thiên Hải), KH (Khang Hi/1716), VBL (tự điển Việt Bồ La/1651) ĐNQATV (Đại Nam Quấc Âm Tự Vị/1895).

Số là có anh Lưu Tiến Hiệp (< đại học Hoa Sen) hỏi về cách dùng khoái và trợ, cả hai từ HV đều chỉ chiếc đũa. Sau khi góp ý với anh Hoàng Dũng (đại học Sư Phạm Thành Phố HCM) thì bài viết nhỏ này ra đời. Tiếp tục đọc “Tản mạn về tiếng Việt và Hán Việt: tại sao Trung Quốc dùng danh từ khoái 筷 còn Việt Nam dùng đũa (trợ 箸)?”

What Is Going on With China’s Crazy Clean Energy Installation Figures?

greentechmedia.com

China says it installed more wind than the rest of the world put together last year.

Chinese government reports of 120 gigawatts of wind and solar installed last year have confounded industry analysts.

Chinese government reports of 120 gigawatts of wind and solar installed last year have confounded industry analysts.

Analysts have been left dumbfounded after China last month released official 2020 wind and solar installation figures that were seemingly too big to be true.

The Chinese National Energy Administration (NEA) “stunned the world,” according to Wood Mackenzie senior analyst Xiaoyang Li, when it announced total wind and solar capacity additions of 120 gigawatts.

Notwithstanding uncertainty over COVID-19’s impact on the supply chain, China had been expected to report big numbers for last year. The International Energy Agency, for example, had predicted the country would add around 32 GW of wind and 50 GW of solar.

But the magnitude of the official figures caught even seasoned China watchers off guard. BloombergNEF had forecast 36 GW each of new solar and wind in 2020 and the official figure for PV capacity additions was 48 GW AC.
Tiếp tục đọc “What Is Going on With China’s Crazy Clean Energy Installation Figures?”

Beyond Declining Battery Prices: 6 Ways to Evaluate Energy Storage in 2021

greentechmedia.com

Balance of systems, software, supply chain constraints, and reliability and performance guarantees all weigh on total costs.

Batteries make up only a slice of energy storage system costs. (Credit: Ameren)

Batteries make up only a slice of energy storage system costs. (Credit: Ameren)

The energy storage market in the United States is booming, with 476 megawatts of new projects installed in the third quarter of 2020 alone, up 240 percent over the second quarter, according to industry analysts at Wood Mackenzie. 2021 is expected to be another record-breaking year for storage, but with technological innovation accelerating across the market, renewable energy asset owners need to carefully select safe and reliable systems to protect their storage investments. As the market accelerates, these are a few of the essential questions asset owners should be asking.

1. Evaluate pricing beyond the cell

When analysts speak about declines in storage pricing, they are referring to battery pricing, which continues to decline every year. Bloomberg New Energy Finance’s latest report states that current lithium-ion pricing stands at about $137 per kilowatt-hour and will drop as low as $100 per kWh by 2023.

However, purchasers of energy storage systems may see substantially higher prices for their projects, depending on a range of factors. For example, the lowest pricing for lithium-ion batteries is generally available for either a major supply contract or for very large-scale deployments of 500 megawatt-hours and above. Since most projects today are not that large, that $137 per kWh figure will be closer to $150 to $170 per kWh, and perhaps as high as $200 to $210 per kWh on the battery-pack level, depending on the size of the project.
Tiếp tục đọc “Beyond Declining Battery Prices: 6 Ways to Evaluate Energy Storage in 2021”