Chuyên mục: Crime against humanity – Hình tội chống nhân loại

Ukraine: ‘Cycle of death, destruction’ must stop, UN chief tells Security Council

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

UN.org

The principal of a school in Chernihiv, Ukraine, surveys the damage caused during an aerial bombardment.

© UNICEF/Ashley Gilbertson VII Photo

The principal of a school in Chernihiv, Ukraine, surveys the damage caused during an aerial bombardment.

5 May 2022

Peace and Security

Briefing the Security Council on his shuttle diplomacy last week in Russia and Ukraine, Secretary-General António Guterres declared that he “did not mince words” during meetings with Presidents Putin and Zelenskyy, on the need to end the brutal conflict.

“I said the same thing in Moscow as I did in Kyiv…Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a violation of its territorial integrity and of the Charter of the United Nations,” he told the Ambassadors.    

“It must end for the sake of the people of Ukraine, Russia, and the entire world…the cycle of death, destruction, dislocation and disruption must stop.” 

The UN chief said he had gone into an active war zone in Ukraine, after first travelling to Moscow, without much prospect of any ceasefire – as the east of the country continues to face “a full-scale ongoing attack”.

Tiếp tục đọc “Ukraine: ‘Cycle of death, destruction’ must stop, UN chief tells Security Council” →

Russia’s Brutality in Ukraine Has Roots in Earlier Conflicts

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Its experience in a string of wars led to the conclusion that attacking civilian populations was not only acceptable but militarily sound.

nytimes.com

Ukrainian emergency workers at a maternity hospital damaged by shelling in Mariupol last week.
Ukrainian emergency workers at a maternity hospital damaged by shelling in Mariupol last week.Credit…Evgeniy Maloletka/Associated Press
Max Fisher

By Max Fisher

Published March 18, 2022Updated March 22, 2022

As Russian artillery and rockets land on Ukrainian hospitals and apartment blocks, devastating residential districts with no military value, the world is watching with horror what is, for Russia, an increasingly standard practice.

Its forces conducted similar attacks in Syria, bombing hospitals and other civilian structures as part of Russia’s intervention to prop up that country’s government.

Moscow went even further in Chechnya, a border region that had sought independence in the Soviet Union’s 1991 breakup. During two formative wars there, Russia’s artillery and air forces turned city blocks to rubble and its ground troops massacred civilians in what was widely seen as a deliberate campaign to terrorize the population into submission.

Now, Vladimir V. Putin, whose rise to Russia’s presidency paralleled and was in some ways cemented by the Chechen wars, appears to be deploying a similar playbook in Ukraine, albeit so far only by increments.

Tiếp tục đọc “Russia’s Brutality in Ukraine Has Roots in Earlier Conflicts” →

International law: Crimes against humanity – Luật quốc tế: Hình tội chống loài người

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Crimes Against Humanity

Definition

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Article 7

Crimes Against Humanity

  1. For the purpose of this Statute, ‘crime against humanity’ means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:
    1. Murder;
    2. Extermination;
    3. Enslavement;
    4. Deportation or forcible transfer of population;
    5. Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;
    6. Torture;
    7. Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
    8. Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;
    9. Enforced disappearance of persons;
    10. The crime of apartheid;
    11. Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.
  2. For the purpose of paragraph 1:
    1. ‘Attack directed against any civilian population’ means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack;

Nguồn Crimes Against Humanity>>

Hình tội chống loài người

Định nghĩa

Đạo luật Rome về Tòa án Hình sự Quốc tế

Điều 7 

Hình tội chống loài người

  1. Cho mục đích của Đạo luật Rome về Tòa án Hình sự Quốc tế, “tội chống loài người” nghĩa là bất kỳ hành vi nào sau đây khi được thực hiện như một phần của cuộc tấn công trên diện rộng hoặc tấn công có hệ thống, với ý thức về cuộc tấn công, nhằm vào bất kỳ nhóm dân thường nào: 
    1. Giết người;
    2. Tiêu diệt;
    3. Nô lệ hóa;
    4. Trục xuất hoặc cưỡng chế chuyển nhóm dân;
    5. Bỏ tù hoặc tước nghiêm trọng  quyền tự do thể chất vi phạm các quy tắc cơ bản của luật quốc tế;
    6. Tra tấn;
    7. Hiếp dâm, nô lệ tình dục, cưỡng bức mại dâm, cưỡng bức mang thai, cưỡng bức triệt sản, hoặc bất kỳ hình thức bạo lực tình dục nào khác có mức nghiêm trọng tương đương;
    8. Bách hại bất kỳ nhóm nào hoặc tập thể nào có thể nhận dạng về chính trị, chủng tộc, quốc gia, dân tộc, văn hóa, tôn giáo, giới tính như được định nghĩa trong đoạn 3, hoặc với các lý do khác được  công nhận trên thế giới là bị cấm theo luật quốc tế, trong khi thực hiện bất kỳ hành vi nào được nêu trong đoạn này hoặc bất kỳ hình tội  nào thuộc thẩm quyền của Tòa án này;
    9. Cưỡng chế mất tích người;
    10. Tội phân biệt chủng tộc;
    11. Các hành vi tương tự vô nhân đạo khác  cố ý gây ra đau đớn lớn, hoặc làm tổn thương nghiêm trọng đến cơ thể hoặc sức khỏe tinh thần hoặc thể chất.
  2. Cho mục đích của đoạn 1:
    1. ‘Tấn công nhằm vào bất kỳ nhóm dân thường nào’ nghĩa là một quá trình ứng xử  thực hiện nhiều  hành động  được đề cập trong đoạn 1 chống lại bất kỳ nhóm dân thường nào,  thể theo hoặc đẩy mạnh chính sách của Nhà nước hoặc của một tổ chức nhằm thực hiện cuộc tấn công đó;
(Phạm Thu Hương dịch)



 mmmmmmmmmm

Chuỗi bài:

Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Ethnic Cleansing

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

United Nations: Office of Genocide Prevention and the Resposibility to Protect

DEFINITIONS

Genocide

Background

Secretary-General visits Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland. UN Photo/Evan Schneider

The word “genocide” was first coined by Polish lawyer Raphäel Lemkin in 1944 in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. It consists of the Greek prefix genos, meaning race or tribe, and the Latin suffix cide, meaning killing. Lemkin developed the term partly in response to the Nazi policies of systematic murder of Jewish people during the Holocaust, but also in response to previous instances in history of targeted actions aimed at the destruction of particular groups of people. Later on, Raphäel Lemkin led the campaign to have genocide recognised and codified as an international crime. Tiếp tục đọc “Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes, Ethnic Cleansing” →

Myanmar:  current international efforts failing, urges ‘change of course

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news.un.org

Conditions have 'worsened' in Myanmar following a military coup in February 2021, according to a UN human rights rapporteur.

22 September 2021Human Rights

The UN independent rights expert on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, told the UN Human Rights Council on Wednesday that conditions inside the country following the 1 February military coup have worsened, urging a “change of course” to prevent further human rights abuses and deaths.

According to Special Rapporteur Tom Andrews, since its power grab and overthrow of the democratically-elected Government, the junta and its forces have murdered more than 1,100 people, arbitrarily detained more than 8,000, and forcibly displaced more than 230,000 civilians, bringing the total number of internally placed persons in Myanmar to well over half a million.

Tiếp tục đọc “Myanmar:  current international efforts failing, urges ‘change of course” →

UN’s top court orders Myanmar to protect Rohingya from genocide

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Momentous pronouncement at Hague rejects Aung San Suu Kyi’s defence of her country’s military

 Legal affairs correspondent and  South-east Asia correspondent

Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh take part in prayers to mark the second anniversary of their exodus from Myanmar
 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh take part in prayers to mark the second anniversary of their exodus from Myanmar. Photograph: Rafiquar Rahman/Reuters

Myanmar has been ordered by the United Nations’ highest court to prevent genocidal violence against its Rohingya Muslim minority and preserve any evidence of past crimes.

In a momentous and unanimous decision, the international court of justice (ICJ) in The Hague imposed emergency “provisional measures” on the country – intervening in its domestic affairs by instructing the government of Aung San Suu Kyi to respect the requirements of the 1948 genocide convention.

Declaring that there was prima facie evidence of breaches of the convention, the court warned that the estimated 600,000 Rohingya remaining in Myanmar were “extremely vulnerable” to attacks by the military. Tiếp tục đọc “UN’s top court orders Myanmar to protect Rohingya from genocide” →

Khmer Rouge leaders found guilty of genocide in landmark ruling

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By Steve George and Tim Hume, CNN

Updated 5:18 AM ET, Fri November 16, 2018

(CNN) Almost four decades on from the collapse of Pol Pot’s tyrannical communist regime, an international tribunal has ruled that the Khmer Rouge committed genocide, a landmark verdict that is hoped will bring closure to millions of Cambodians.

More than 1.7 million people, or approximately a fifth of Cambodia’s population, are believed to have died from forced labor, starvation and execution under the Khmer Rouge which ruled the country between 1975 and 1979.

Tiếp tục đọc “Khmer Rouge leaders found guilty of genocide in landmark ruling” →

U.N. calls for Myanmar generals to be tried for genocide, blames Facebook for incitement

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Kết quả hình ảnh cho U.N. calls for Myanmar generals to be tried for genocide, blames Facebook for incitement

AUGUST 27, 2018 / 2:39 PM / Stephanie Nebehay / 9 MIN READ

GENEVA (Reuters) – Myanmar’s military carried out mass killings and gang rapes of Muslim Rohingya with “genocidal intent”, and the commander-in-chief and five generals should be prosecuted for the gravest crimes under international law, United Nations investigators said.

Click here to watch video

A report by investigators was the first time the United Nations has explicitly called for Myanmar officials to face genocide charges over their campaign against the Rohingya, and is likely to deepen the country’s isolation. Tiếp tục đọc “U.N. calls for Myanmar generals to be tried for genocide, blames Facebook for incitement” →

UN chief and rights groups raise concerns over Rohingya deal

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Guardian

First group of refugees to be sent back to Myanmar next week but critics say details are unclear

Rohingya Hindu refugees stand outside their make shift shelters at a refugee camp near Cox’s bazar, Bangladesh.

 

Concerns are growing among United Nations agencies and humanitarian groups over an agreement between the Bangladesh and Myanmar governments to repatriate several hundred thousand Rohingya refugees within two years.

Bangladesh state media reported on Wednesday that the first batch of Rohingya would be sent back to Myanmar next week. Rights groups said it remained unclear whether refugees would be forced to return against their will. Tiếp tục đọc “UN chief and rights groups raise concerns over Rohingya deal” →

2018 brings no end to violence against Rohingyas: UN

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Dailystar 12:44 PM, January 08, 2018 / LAST MODIFIED: 01:12 PM, January 08, 2018

2,400 Rohingyas enter Bangladesh in Dec last

UNB, Cox’s Bazar

Rohingya people were still arriving here – the New Year bringing no end to the reports of violence and fears, which forced them to flee their homes in Myanmar, says the IOM on Monday.

Over 2,400 Rohingyas are estimated to have arrived in Bangladesh during December 2017, with more people continuing to arrive each day as 2018 begins, according to the UN Migration Agency.
Tiếp tục đọc “2018 brings no end to violence against Rohingyas: UN” →

A War of Words Puts Facebook at the Center of Myanmar’s Rohingya Crisis

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

NYT – By MEGAN SPECIA and PAUL MOZUR  

 Ashin Wirathu in 2013. He has been barred from public preaching in Myanmar since March.Adam Dean for The New York Times

Myanmar’s government has barred Ashin Wirathu, an ultranationalist Buddhist monk, from public preaching for the past year, saying his speeches helped fuel the violence against the country’s Rohingya ethnic group that the United Nations calls ethnic cleansing.

So he has turned to an even more powerful and ubiquitous platform to get his message out — Facebook.

Tiếp tục đọc “A War of Words Puts Facebook at the Center of Myanmar’s Rohingya Crisis” →

UN chief raises alarm over Rohingya in speech before Suu Kyi

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AP

MANILA, Philippines (AP) — The United Nations chief expressed alarm over the plight of Rohingya Muslims in remarks before Myanmar’s Aung San Suu Kyi and other leaders from a Southeast Asian bloc that has refused to criticize her government over the crisis.

U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said late Monday that the unfolding humanitarian crisis can cause regional instability and radicalization. He met with leaders from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on the sidelines of its summit in Manila.

“I cannot hide my deep concern with the dramatic movement of hundreds of thousands of refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh,” Guterres told the ASEAN leaders. Suu Kyi sat close to him but looked mostly at a wall screen showing the U.N. leader. Tiếp tục đọc “UN chief raises alarm over Rohingya in speech before Suu Kyi” →

ASEAN Chairman’s Statement on The Humanitarian Situation in Rakhine State

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ASEAN Chairman’s Statement on The Humanitarian Situation in Rakhine State

The Foreign Ministers of ASEAN expressed concern over the recent developments in Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar and extended their deepest condolences to all the victims and affected communities of the conflict.  They condemned the attacks against Myanmar security forces on 25 August 2017 and all acts of violence which resulted in loss of civilian lives, destruction of homes and displacement of large numbers of people. Tiếp tục đọc “ASEAN Chairman’s Statement on The Humanitarian Situation in Rakhine State” →

Despite global criticism, Myanmar’s Rakhine strategy retains strong domestic support

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ 1 bình luận
channelnewsasia

As the global community continues to put pressure on Myanmar to stop the violence in Rakhine State, Channel NewsAsia speaks to ordinary Myanmar citizens about their take on the situation.

 

 
A file photo of Aung Sann Suu Kyi as she arrived at the National League for Democracy Party’s headquarters after the 2015 general election in Myanmar. (Photo: Pichayada Promchertchoo)
By Pichayada Promchertchoo @PichayadaCNA

(Updated: )

YANGON: While there has been widespread global condemnation of the violence taking place in Myanmar’s Rakhine state, many ordinary people in the country are standing solidly behind the government and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi. Tiếp tục đọc “Despite global criticism, Myanmar’s Rakhine strategy retains strong domestic support” →

Giọt nước từ bi: Thư của Sư Cô Chân Không gửi Chính phủ Myanmar và Aung San Suu Kyi

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

English: Drops of Compassion: a letter from Sister Chan Khong to the Myanmar government and Aung San Suu Kyi

Làng Mai

Trước thảm cảnh của người Rohingya theo đạo Hồi bị đàn áp bởi quân đội Myanmar, Sư Cô Chân Không – người chị cả của Dòng tu Tiếp Hiện – đã viết lá thư dưới đây gửi những người đứng đầu Nhà nước Myanmar, kêu gọi chấm dứt bạo lực đối với người Rohingya theo đạo Hồi tại đất nước này.

Đạo tràng Mai thôn, ngày 16 tháng 2 năm 2017

Kính gửi:      Ngài Tổng thống U Htin Kyaw
Nước Cộng hòa Liên bang Myanmar
Văn phòng phủ Tổng thống
Văn phòng số 18, Nay Pyi Taw
Myanmar

Đồng kính gửi:       Bà Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
Cố vấn Nhà nước của Cộng hòa Liên bang Myanmar
Văn phòng Cố vấn Nhà nước
Văn phòng số 20, Nay Pyi Taw
Myanmar

Kính thưa Ngài Tổng thống U Htin Kyaw,

Kính thưa Bà Cố vấn Nhà nước Daw Aung San Suu Kyi,

Chúng tôi xin gửi đến Ngài Tổng thống và Bà Cố vấn lời chào trân kính nhất.

Trong nhiều năm qua chúng tôi luôn khâm phục những cố gắng hết lòng của quý vị trong việc sử dụng những biện pháp hòa bình để đem lại dân chủ, nhân quyền và tái hòa giải cho đất nước Myanmar. Con đường tranh đấu bất bạo động của quý vị đã truyền cảm hứng cho rất nhiều người ở mọi lứa tuổi, quốc tịch, tôn giáo và sắc tộc trên toàn thế giới.

Trong giờ phút này đây, người dân Rohingya tại đất nước quý vị đang phải chịu những đau khổ lớn lao và sự áp bức nặng nề. Chúng tôi biết quý vị chắc hẳn cũng đang bức xúc trước cách cư xử  tàn nhẫn đang giáng xuống những người dân vô tội này, bởi quý vị cũng như là cha mẹ, như là người anh, người chị của họ.
Tiếp tục đọc “Giọt nước từ bi: Thư của Sư Cô Chân Không gửi Chính phủ Myanmar và Aung San Suu Kyi” →