Chuyên mục: Human rights – Nhân quyền

Nearly 1bn people lack access to disability aids

~ Đào Thu Hằng ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

sciedev.net

Almah Kuambu with a prospective assistive technology user during a National Orthotic and Prosthetic Services outreach programme in Popondetta in southern Papua New Guinea.

Almah Kuambu and a prospective assistive technology user during a National Orthotic and Prosthetic Services outreach programme in Popondetta in southern Papua New Guinea. Copyright: National Orthotic and Prosthetic Services (PNG).

Speed read

  • Majority of people who would benefit from assistive technology lack access
  • Devices such as glasses, hearing aids, wheelchairs can be life-changing
  • 3.5 billion people will need assistive technology by 2050

By: Neena Bhandari

[SYDNEY]: Almost one billion children and adults with disabilities, and older people, are unable to access the assistive technology they need, according to a UN report, which calls for more investment in these life-changing products.

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Where children opt for marriage over school

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e.vnexpress.net

By Hai Thu   July 5, 2022 | 11:37 am GMT+7

Where children opt for marriage over school

A H’Mong ethnic girl standing next to a corn field in Meo Vac District, Ha Giang Province. Photo by VnExpress/Ngoc ThanhGiang Thi Mai, an eighth grade student, remarried a week after escaping a marriage by abduction for fear of becoming a woman no one would marry.

On the morning of January 31, in a house surrounded by a peach garden in Ta De village in the northern Son La Province’s Van Ho District, the 14-year-old looked in the mirror, combed her long hair, put on lipstick, and then ventured out.

That day her cousin on the other side of the village was getting married, and Mai and a friend put on their best clothes and headed to the wedding.

While they were on the way they were stopped by seven young men on three motorcycles. The tallest person flirted with Mai and said: “You look stunning today. Want to go to Hang Kia Commune and hang with us?”

The friend sitting behind her was terrified and clinging to Mai’s shirt. Both of them stayed silent.

One of the motorbikes sped up and blocked the road, causing Mai and her friend to fall off their motorbike.

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Global migration is not abating. Neither is the backlash against it

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June 29, 2022

Around the world, far-right populist parties continue to stoke the popular backlash against global migration, driving some centrist governments to adopt a tougher line on immigration. But with short-term strategies dominating the debate, many of the persistent drivers of migration go unaddressed, even as efforts to craft a global consensus on migration are hobbled by demands for quick solutions. Learn more when you subscribe to World Politics Review (WPR).

Migrants rest on a Mediterranea Saving Humans NGO boat, as they sail off Italy’s southernmost island of Lampedusa, just outside Italian territorial waters, Thursday, July 4, 2019 (AP photo by Olmo Calvo).

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Monkeypox and the gay community

~ Trần Đình Hoành ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

The New York Times newsletter

This weekend marks the end of Pride month, as cities across the country host events to celebrate the L.G.B.T.Q. community.
It is also a fraught moment in public health: A global outbreak of monkeypox is causing concern, with many of the cases clustered around men who have sex with men.
Experts are now trying to strike a delicate balance, warning people who may be at higher risk, without stigmatizing a community that has often been scapegoated for health scares in the past.

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Human Rights NGOs: “Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?”

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Council on Foreign Ralations, Pressure Points June 20, 2022

“by Elliott Abrams

How much reliance should be placed on the major international human rights NGOs? Can they be trusted to work without bias? How are they governed?

These are subjects I discussed recently in a short paper done for the Council on Foreign Relations’ Diamonstein-Spielvogel Project on the Future of Democracy. It is entitled Human Rights NGOs: “Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?” and can be found here.
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Sahel (Africa) violence could drive more refugees toward Europe

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FILE- In this April 15, 2022 file photo, malnourished children wait for treatment in the pediatric department of Boulmiougou hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The U.N. is warning that 18 million people in Africa’s Sahel region face severe hunger in the next three months. Two U.N. agencies are citing the impacts of war in Ukraine, the coronavirus pandemic, climate-induced shocks and rising costs – and warning that people may try to migrate out of the affected areas. (AP Photo/Sophie Garcia, File)

GENEVA (AP) — The head of the U.N. refugee agency says “Europe should be much more worried” that more people from Africa’s Sahel region could seek to move north to escape violence, climate crises like droughts and floods and the impact of growing food shortages caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.Filippo Grandi, the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, called for more efforts to build peace in the world as conflicts and crises like those in Ukraine, Venezuela, Myanmar, Syria and beyond have driven over 100 million people to leave their homes — both within their own countries and abroad.

UNHCR, the U.N.’s refugee agency, on Thursday issued its latest “Global Trends” report, which found over 89 million people had been displaced by conflict, climate change, violence and human rights abuses by 2021. The figure has since swelled after at least 12 million people fled their homes in Ukraine to other parts of the country or abroad following Russia’s Feb. 24 invasion.

This year, the world is also facing growing food insecurity — Ukraine is a key European breadbasket and the war has greatly hurt grain exports

The African Union, whose continent relies on imports of wheat and other food from Ukraine, has appealed for help to access grain that is blocked in Ukrainian silos and unable to leave Ukrainian ports amid a Russian naval blockade in the Black Sea.

Ukraine’s ‘Nuremberg Moment’ Amid Flood of Alleged Russian War Crimes

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So many crimes are being documented that they need a new court.

foreignpolicy.com

By Robbie Gramer, a diplomacy and national security reporter at Foreign Policy, and Amy Mackinnon, a national security and intelligence reporter at Foreign Policy. 

An aerial view of crosses, floral tributes, and photographs of the victims of the battles for Irpin and Bucha that mark the graves in a cemetery in Irpin, Ukraine, on May 16.
An aerial view of crosses, floral tributes, and photographs of the victims of the battles for Irpin and Bucha that mark the graves in a cemetery in Irpin, Ukraine, on May 16.

JUNE 10, 2022, 3:48 PM

As Russia continues its assault on Ukraine, top Biden administration officials are working behind the scenes with the Ukrainian government and European allies to document a tsunami of war crimes allegedly committed by Russian forces.

Putin’s War

How the world is dealing with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

But the sheer volume of the documented war crime cases could be too overwhelming for Ukraine’s justice system as well as for the International Criminal Court (ICC), raising questions of how many cases will be brought to trial and how many accused Russian war criminals could ultimately face justice.

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Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court – Đạo luật Rome của Tòa Hình sự Quốc tế (Dẫn nhập và Phần I)

~ Phạm Thu Hương ~ Bình luận về bài viết này

Dịch sang tiếng Việt: PhạmThu Hương & Trần Đình Hoành

Mục lục >>

Rome Statute of the International Criminal CourtĐạo luật Rome của Tòa Hình sự Quốc tế
PREAMBLEDẪN NHẬP

 The States Parties to this Statute,

Conscious that all peoples are united by common bonds, their cultures pieced together in a shared heritage, and concerned that this delicate mosaic may be shattered at any time,

Mindful that during this century millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity,

Recognizing that such grave crimes threaten the peace, security and well-being of the world,

Affirming that the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished and that their effective prosecution must be ensured by taking measures at the national level and by enhancing international cooperation,

Determined to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes,

Recalling that it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes,

Reaffirming the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular that all States shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations,

Emphasizing in this connection that nothing in this Statute shall be taken as authorizing any State Party to intervene in an armed conflict or in the internal affairs of any State,

Determined to these ends and for the sake of present and future generations, to establish an independent permanent International Criminal Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole,

Emphasizing that the International Criminal Court established under this Statute shall be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions,

Resolved to guarantee lasting respect for and the enforcement of international justice,

Have agreed as follows:		Các Quốc gia Thành viên của Đạo luật này,

Ý thức rằng mọi dân tộc hợp nhất với nhau bằng những liên kết chung, văn hóa của họ hợp lại với nhau trong một di sản chung, và đều lo ngại bức tranh tinh xảo này có thể bị vỡ bất kỳ lúc nào,

Quan tâm rằng trong thế kỷ này, hàng triệu trẻ em, phụ nữ và đàn ông là nạn nhân của những tàn ác không thể tưởng tượng nổi, gây sốc dữ dội cho lương tâm nhân loại,

Thừa nhận rằng những hình tội nghiêm trọng như vậy đe dọa hòa bình, an ninh và an sinh của thế giới,

Khẳng định rằng những hình tội nghiêm trọng nhất, mà cộng đồng quốc tế nói chung quan tâm, phải bị trừng phạt và việc truy tố hiệu lực phải được đảm bảo bằng các biện pháp ở cấp quốc gia và bằng cách tăng cường hợp tác quốc tế,

Quyết tâm chấm dứt việc không trừng phạt các thủ phạm của những hình tội này và, do đó, góp phần ngăn chặn những hình tội đó,

Nhớ rằng nhiệm vụ của mọi Quốc gia là hành xử thẩm quyền tài phán hình sự đối với những kẻ chịu trách nhiệm về những hình tội quốc tế,

Tái xác nhận các Mục đích và Nguyên tắc của Hiến chương Liên hợp quốc, và đặc biệt rằng mọi Quốc gia sẽ kiềm chế đe dọa hoặc dùng vũ lực vi phạm sự toàn vẹn lãnh thổ hoặc độc lập chính trị của bất kỳ Quốc gia nào, hoặc làm bất kỳ điều gì mâu thuẫn với các Mục đích của Liên hợp quốc,

Nhấn mạnh ở đây rằng chẳng có gì trong Đạo luật này được coi là ủy quyền cho bất kỳ Quốc gia Thành viên nào can thiệp vào xung đột vũ trang hoặc vào công việc nội bộ của bất kỳ Quốc gia nào,

Kiên quyết, vì những mục tiêu này và vì các thế hệ hiện tại và tương lai, thành lập một Tòa Hình sự Quốc tế thường trực và độc lập trong liên hệ với hệ thống Liên hợp quốc, có thẩm quyền tài phán đối với những hình tội nghiêm trọng nhất mà cộng đồng quốc tế nói chung quan tâm.

Nhấn mạnh rằng Tòa Hình sự Quốc tế được thành lập theo Đạo luật này sẽ bổ sung cho thẩm quyền tài phán hình sự của các quốc gia,

Quyết định đảm bảo sự tôn trọng lâu dài, và việc thực thi, công lý quốc tế,

Đã đồng ý như sau:
PART 1.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COURT		PHẦN 1.
THÀNH LẬP TÒA
Article 1
The Court

An International Criminal Court (“the Court”) is hereby established. It shall be a permanent institution and shall have the power to exercise its jurisdiction over persons for the most serious crimes of international concern, as referred to in this Statute, and shall be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The jurisdiction and
functioning of the Court shall be governed by the provisions of this Statute.		Điều 1
Tòa

Tòa Hình sự Quốc tế (“Tòa”), do đây, được thành lập. Tòa sẽ là một định chế lâu dài và sẽ có quyền hành xử thẩm quyền tài phán đối với những người vi phạm những hình tội nghiêm trọng nhất mà quốc tế quan tâm, như được nêu ra trong Đạo luật này, và sẽ bổ sung cho thẩm quyền tài phán hình sự của các quốc gia. Thẩm quyền tài phán và hoạt động của Tòa sẽ được điều hành bởi các điều khoản của Đạo luật này.
Article 2
Relationship of the Court with the United Nations

The Court shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations through an agreement to be approved by the Assembly of States Parties to this Statute and thereafter concluded by the President of the Court on its behalf.		Điều 2
Liên hệ của Tòa với Liên hợp quốc

Tòa sẽ được đưa vào liên hệ với Liên hợp quốc thông qua một thỏa thuận được Hội đồng các Quốc gia Thành viên của Đạo luật này phê duyệt và sau đó được Chủ tịch Tòa thay mặt Tòa ký kết.
Article 3
Seat of the Court

1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague in the Netherlands (“the host State”).

2. The Court shall enter into a headquarters agreement with the host State, to be approved by the Assembly of States Parties and thereafter concluded by the President of the Court on its behalf.

3. The Court may sit elsewhere, whenever it considers it desirable, as provided in this Statute.		Điều 3
Trụ sở Tòa

1. Trụ sở Tòa được thành lập tại The Hague [La Hay] ở Hà Lan (“Quốc gia chủ nhà”).

2. Tòa sẽ ký một thỏa thuận về trụ sở với Quốc gia chủ nhà, được Hội đồng các Quốc gia Thành viên phê duyệt và sau đó được Chủ tịch Tòa thay mặt Tòa ký kết.

3. Tòa có thể đặt ở nơi khác, bất cứ khi nào Tòa muốn, như được quy định trong Đạo luật này.
Article 4
Legal status and powers of the Court

1. The Court shall have international legal personality. It shall also have such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes.

2. The Court may exercise its functions and powers, as provided in this Statute, on the territory of any State Party and, by special agreement, on the territory of any other State.

Điều 4
Địa vị pháp lý và quyền hành của Tòa

1. Tòa có tư cách pháp nhân quốc tế. Tòa cũng có năng lực pháp lý có thể cần thiết cho việc hành xử các chức năng của Tòa và cho việc thực hiện các mục đích của Tòa.

2. Tòa có thể hành xử các chức năng và quyền hành của mình, như được quy định trong Đạo luật này, trên lãnh thổ của bất kỳ Quốc gia Thành viên nào và, theo thỏa thuận đặc biệt, trên lãnh thổ của bất kỳ Quốc gia nào.

PODCAST – Asia Stream: The Philippine Election — Dynasty and Disinformation

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nikkei – Nearly 50 years after Ferdinand Marcos Sr. declared brutal martial law, the Philippines is poised to elect his son. Has history been forgotten?

Nikkei staff writersMay 7, 2022 03:26 JST

NEW YORK — Welcome to Nikkei Asia’s podcast: Asia Stream.

Every week, Asia Stream tracks and analyzes the Indo-Pacific with a mix of expert interviews and original reporting by our correspondents from across the globe.

https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/6UcI5OPlMs1JXTqXy8vsmj?utm_source=generator&theme=0

New episodes are recorded biweekly and available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and all other major platforms, and on our YouTube channel.

This week, we focus on one of Asia’s most dynamic but flawed democracies: the Philippines. With the election just days away, we get under the hood of the electoral system and investigate the powerful role that dynasties play in the country, with a special focus on Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the front-runner on the cusp of taking power. We then take into account that other essential, if dangerous, tenet of modern Philippine democracy: disinformation, and how it is being used to gain support among the country’s most vulnerable populations.

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The Xinjiang Police Files Should Prompt Action Against Uyghur Genocide

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Olivia Enos , Contributor

I write about international human rights and national security.Follow

May 31, 2022,10:54am EDT Forbe

Listen to article 4 minutes

20180523125453301_653121197205
Photo of Hawagul Tewekkul, a 46-year-old Uyghur preliminarily sentenced to time in a political … [+] VICTIMS OF COMMUNISM MEMORIAL FOUNDATION’S XINJIANG POLICE FILES

Looking through the photos of the 2,884 inmates in the Xinjiang Police Files is not for the faint of heart. You scroll – as you would on Instagram – past face after face of a people unjustly detained by the Chinese government for no other reason than that they are Uyghur.

The first thing I noticed in the photos were their eyes. Some look bewildered, others determined, others tear-filled, others entirely blank.

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Ukraine: ‘Cycle of death, destruction’ must stop, UN chief tells Security Council

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UN.org

The principal of a school in Chernihiv, Ukraine, surveys the damage caused during an aerial bombardment.

© UNICEF/Ashley Gilbertson VII Photo

The principal of a school in Chernihiv, Ukraine, surveys the damage caused during an aerial bombardment.

5 May 2022

Peace and Security

Briefing the Security Council on his shuttle diplomacy last week in Russia and Ukraine, Secretary-General António Guterres declared that he “did not mince words” during meetings with Presidents Putin and Zelenskyy, on the need to end the brutal conflict.

“I said the same thing in Moscow as I did in Kyiv…Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a violation of its territorial integrity and of the Charter of the United Nations,” he told the Ambassadors.    

“It must end for the sake of the people of Ukraine, Russia, and the entire world…the cycle of death, destruction, dislocation and disruption must stop.” 

The UN chief said he had gone into an active war zone in Ukraine, after first travelling to Moscow, without much prospect of any ceasefire – as the east of the country continues to face “a full-scale ongoing attack”.

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A brief lesson on Roe v. Wade

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Washingtonpost.com

By Valerie Strauss

A crowd gathers outside the Supreme Court early on May 3 after a draft opinion was leaked, appearing to show that a majority of justices were ready to overturn the 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade. (Alex Brandon/AP)

Roe v. Wade, the historic 1973 Supreme Court decision that made abortion legal in the first trimester of a woman’s pregnancy, is in danger of being struck down by the conservative majority, according to news reports published Monday night.

According to this Washington Post article, a draft opinion published by Politico said that a majority of justices are ready to reverse the ruling — though until a decision has been formally announced, any vote that has been taken can be reconsidered. In any case, the leak itself was big news — an unprecedented breach of court protocol in modern times.

Supreme Court is ready to strike down Roe v. Wade, leaked draft shows

The following background on the case comes from the National Constitution Center, a nonprofit organization in Philadelphia with a congressional charter to disseminate information about the U.S. Constitution on a nonpartisan basis:

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