Mekong: The River That Feeds 70 Million People – Now in Danger

What happens when the river that feeds 70 million people is pushed to the brink?

The Mekong River runs over 5,000 km and across 6 countries: China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, where it ends with its famous delta.

For hundreds of years, it has provided shelter, food, and all kinds of natural resources to over 60 million people who lived in harmony with the generous mother of all rivers. However, with the rapid growth that South East Asia is experiencing, as witnessed by the ever-increasing constructions and economic development projects, the fragile balance of communities living by and from its waters is at stake.

Facing a threat as well as an opportunity, the future of the Mekong lies in the diversity of its cultures and the beauty of its landscapes, shaped both by the river and its inhabitants.

00:00 – Introduction: Mother of All Rivers
01:33 – Laos: Boatmakers & River Traditions
06:57 – Prosperity and Struggles Along the Mekong
08:33 – Food, Insects & Rice: Life by the River
15:49 – Giant Fish and Ancient Conflicts
22:36 – Cambodia: The Mekong and Tonle Sap Lake
29:35 – Cambodia’s Dependence on the River
35:28 – Vietnam’s Mekong Delta: Nine Dragons of Asia
43:19 – Floating Markets & Rice Harvests
46:09 – Shrimp Farms and Environmental Challenges
50:55 – The Mekong’s Fragile Future

Infrastructure as Strategy: How Vietnam Rewires Indochina through Ports and Roads

fulcrum.sg Published 13 Feb 2026 Hoang Thi Ha

Vietnam is often portrayed as losing influence in Laos and Cambodia to China. But the construction of key infrastructure gives Hanoi some measure of agency.

Vietnam is often portrayed as steadily losing its traditional influence in neighbouring Laos and Cambodia to China. Such assessments overlook an emerging dimension of Hanoi’s statecraft: by building critical infrastructure along its southwestern coast and granting Laos maritime access, Hanoi is transforming its coastline into strategic leverage to counter regional power shifts and consolidate its geopolitical footprint.

Laos – the only country having “special relations” with Vietnam, rooted in shared revolutionary history and deep political trust – has long relied on overland routes to Thailand and the Chinese-built Kunming-Vientiane high-speed train. This has improved connectivity across its mountainous terrain and boosted trade with China, but saddled Vientiane with heavy debts.

Vietnam offers a cheaper alternative: providing direct maritime access to help Laos overcome its landlocked geography. Since 2001, Vung Ang Port in Ha Tinh province — the nearest major port to the Vietnam-Laos border — has been developed with three berths, granting Laos not just access but substantive control. Through the Lao-Viet International Port Company, the Lao government has expanded its stake from 20 per cent to 60 per cent, securing management rights and development priority over the port.

With a designed throughput exceeding 6.5 million tonnes per year, Vung Ang is becoming an important maritime outlet for Laos, handling its minerals exports and other bulk commodities, as well as cargo from northeastern Thailand. The 585km Vientiane-Vung Ang corridor is approximately 200km shorter than the route via Bangkok to Thailand’s Laem Chabang port, saving transport time and logistics costs. Both countries are discussing upgrades to rail and road connectivity along this axis, including the proposed Vientiane-Vung Ang railway and Vientiane-Hanoi expressway.

Tiếp tục đọc “Infrastructure as Strategy: How Vietnam Rewires Indochina through Ports and Roads”

Protected areas hit hard as Mekong countries’ forest cover shrank in 2024

mongabay.com Gerald Flynn 6 Oct 2025Asia

  • The five Mekong countries lost nearly 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of tree cover in 2024, with nearly a quarter of which was primary forest, and more than 30% of losses occurring inside protected areas.
  • Cambodia and Laos saw some of the highest levels of loss inside protected areas, driven by logging, plantations and hydropower projects, though both countries recorded slight declines from 2023.
  • In Myanmar, conflict has complicated forest governance, with mining and displacement contributing to losses, though overall deforestation fell slightly compared to the previous year.
  • Thailand and Vietnam bucked the regional trend, with relatively low forest losses in protected areas, supported by logging bans, reforestation initiatives, and stricter law enforcement.

See All Key Ideas

BANGKOK — The Mekong countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam lost a combined area of tree cover of nearly a million hectares in 2024, or an area almost the size of Lebanon. That’s according to Mongabay’s analysis* of satellite data published by the Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) laboratory at the University of Maryland, in partnership with Global Forest Watch (GFW).

GFW data show 991,801 hectares (2.45 million acres) of tree cover were lost in 2024, including nearly 220,000 hectares (544,000 acres) of primary forest, across the five Mekong countries. More than 30% of tree cover loss recorded in 2024 occurred inside protected areas, although across the region, the rate of deforestation — both within protected areas and outside of them — slowed slightly from 2023. Despite this, the drivers of deforestation vary somewhat from country to country, and last year’s losses still reflect a grim trajectory for forests in the Mekong region.

The economies of almost all Mekong countries are heavily reliant on agriculture, with forests cleared for both agribusiness-run plantations or subsistence farming plots. But research indicates the conversion of forest to croplands has resulted in increasingly unpredictable weather patterns and subsequently poorer agricultural yields.

Tiếp tục đọc “Protected areas hit hard as Mekong countries’ forest cover shrank in 2024”

Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion Environment Ministers’ Meeting

Chiang Mai, Thailand 30 January to 1 February 2018

Every 3 years the environment ministers from the six Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries gather to review progress and set the agenda for environmental cooperation in the subregion under the GMS Economic Cooperation Program. Tiếp tục đọc “Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion Environment Ministers’ Meeting”

Muddying the Mekong: balancing sediment and sustainable development

By Thanapon Piman Bangkok, Thailand, December 20, 2017

Stockholm Environemnt Institute

mekongeye_Muddy river waters are often seen as a sure sign of poor river health, as a result of inappropriate land management practices, or a consequence of extreme rainfall where great quantities of sediment – silt, sand, clay and organic matter – are discharged.

This is a common sight in the major rivers of south-east and east Asia, and has come to characterise rivers such as the Yellow and the Mekong. With its beginnings on the Tibetan Plateau, the Mekong flows for 4,300 kilometres, carrying an estimated sediment load of 160 million tonnes before reaching its delta and discharging into the South China Sea. Tiếp tục đọc “Muddying the Mekong: balancing sediment and sustainable development”