3.11. Vietnam

• Salinization of groundwater in the coastal area

• Ammonium contamination in groundwater

• Groundwater level drops in Hanoi (-1 m/yr, total 30 m drop), Ho Chi Minh City (total 30 m), and in many other places in the Mekong River Basin; groundwater levels also decreased greatly.

• Land subsidence in Hanoi because of over-extraction

• High and increasing amount of arsenic in groundwater

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