We mark 50 years since the end of the U.S. war on Vietnam with the acclaimed Vietnamese American writer Viet Thanh Nguyen. On April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese troops took control of the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon as video of U.S. personnel being airlifted out of the city were broadcast around the world. Some 3 million Vietnamese people were killed in the U.S. war, along with about 58,000 U.S. soldiers. Hundreds of thousands of Lao, Hmong and Cambodians also died, and the impact of the war is still being felt in Vietnam and the region.

Nguyen says while the Vietnam War was deeply divisive in the United States during the 1960s and ’70s, American interference in Southeast Asia goes back to President Woodrow Wilson in 1919, when he rejected Vietnamese demands for independence from France. “And from that mistake, we’ve had a series of mistakes over the past century, mostly revolving around the fact that the United States did not recognize Vietnamese self-determination,” says Nguyen.

We Are Here Because You Are There”: Viet Thanh Nguyen on How U.S. Foreign Policy Creates Refugees

Pulitzer Prize-winning Vietnamese American writer Viet Thanh Nguyen discusses why he chooses to use the term “refugee” in his books, and speaks about his own experience as a refugee. His new novel tells the story of a man who arrives in France as a refugee from Vietnam, and explores the main character’s questioning of ideology and different visions of liberation. Titled “The Committed,” the book is a sequel to “The Sympathizer,” which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2016. Nguyen says his protagonist is “a man of two faces and two minds” whose ability to see beyond Cold War divisions makes him the perfect figure to satirize the facile stories people tell themselves about the world. “He’s always going beyond the surface binaries to look underneath.” Nguyen is the chair of English and professor of English and American studies and ethnicity at the University of Southern California. His other books include “The Refugees” and the edited collection “The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives.”

Viet Thanh Nguyen Interview: The Vietnam War Refugee Experience Behind The Sympathizer

Pulitzer Prize-winning author Viet Thanh Nguyen reflects on his childhood as a refugee in America, his writing career, and family: from the trauma of displacement to the healing found in fatherhood and literature. Nguyen shares how these experiences have shaped his life and work, from his novel The Sympathizer to his commentary on war, cultural identity, and American life.

00:00 Introduction to Viet Thanh Nguyen and The Sympathizer

00:49 Refugee journey, family separation, and overcoming trauma

03:43 Humor, cultural expectations, and Vietnamese Catholic roots 05:29 Cultural identity, rebellion, and hidden writing career

07:14 Family relationships, cultural silence, and lessons in parenting 09:35 Impact of fatherhood, learning from children, and rediscovering play

12:13 Art, personal identity, and American cultural values 14:49 Vietnamese American identity, racism, and vision for the future

17:27 Teaching about war, challenges of digital information overload

20:31 Apocalypse Now, self identity struggles, and power of storytelling

24:41 Vietnam War legacy, draft-era resistance vs. modern volunteer military

26:47 Family history, generational trauma, and refugee story from Vietnam

29:48 Writing, fatherhood, and healing