What is the conventional notation for these logic statements?

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When I studied chemical engineering I often found the need to rewrite lecture notes, handouts and books in order to gain a thorough understanding of the subject I was reading. As much as time permitted I used to draw mindmaps of the reading material combining the symbols on the left in the image below:

The first ones are probably known, but some of these may need some explanation. I will list all of them with my own explantions to make clear what I mean.

  1. B is a part of A. B is a subset of A. B is a property of A.
  2. B is partly a part of A. B is a almost a subset of A. B is to a very small degree a property of A.
  3. A equals B. A and B are the same thing.
  4. B is a consequence of A. If A happens then B happens as a consequence.
  5. A becomes B. First there is only A, later there is only B.
  6. This describes a process or a verb. A is put into B. Example: A reactant (A) is fed into a reactor (B).
  7. A affects property B and causes a decrease, and B is a property of some other object as drawn in 1.
  8. A affects property B and causes an increase, and B is a property of some other object as drawn in 1.
  9. A intends to cause B to come into existance. Example: A company (A) strives to create profit (B).
  10. A strives/wants/intends to become B. Example: One strives to keep the concentration of reactant (A) in a reactor to be 0.1 mol/liter (B).

What are the conventional mathematical names and symbols used to denote these relations above?

Answer

Toàn cảnh làn sóng biểu tình của người nông dân trên khắp châu Âu

baotintuc – Thứ Sáu, 09/02/2024 07:45

Nông dân châu Âu đang tổ chức các cuộc biểu tình trên khắp châu lục với máy kéo, máy cày làm tắc nghẽn đường phố và các cửa khẩu, bất mãn trước các chính sách nông nghiệp của khối liên minh.

Đường phố Montoyer (Brussels, Bỉ) bị máy kéo chặn trong cuộc biểu tình của nông dân vào ngày 1/2. Ảnh: Getty

“Chúng tôi đã không còn thể kiếm sống bằng nghề của mình nữa”, một người nông dân tại Pháp nói với phóng viên CNN.

Trong khi một số cuộc biểu tình căng thẳng nhất diễn ra ở Pháp, tình hình tương tự cũng diễn ra ở nhiều quốc gia bao gồm Italy, Tây Ban Nha, Romania, Ba Lan, Hy Lạp, Đức, Bồ Đào Nha và Hà Lan.

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Corn in peril: Viet Nam’s Hmong struggle to save indigenous seeds

Mekongeye.com

By Khang A Tủa and Alex Nguyễn 29 January 2024 at 18:36 (Updated on 30 January 2024 at 10:29)

After decades of pursuing development goals, Hmong people in northern Viet Nam face a battle to preserve disappearing indigenous corn

Cúa bua (in Vietnamese), or quav npua (in Hmong) , an indigenous corn variety in Chế Cu Nha, Mù Cang Chải district, Yên Bái province.

YÊN BÁI & SƠN LA, VIET NAM – Early one winter morning, Khang Chờ Dê of Chế Cu Nha hamlet in Yên Bái province was woken by loud knocking on his door. Sào, his relative, needed some red corn kernels, an indigenous crop used by Hmong people in northern Viet Nam for spiritual offerings to ward off bad luck.

The son of a shaman, Dê understood the importance of red corn in ritual practices. He quickly took some kernels from his kitchen, wrapped them up neatly and handed them to his relative.

Back in bed, the 46-year-old farmer pondered the scarcity of the indigenous cúa bua (in Vietnamese), or quav npua (in Hmong)corn seeds in Chế Cu Nha, his family’s ancestral home. For generations, indigenous corn crops have been essential to Hmong spiritual and cultural traditions, as well as helping to strengthening their autonomy in agricultural cultivation.

Source: Mapbox
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